Unit 5

Vocabulary:

• Chess: game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king


• Sailing: the departure of a vessel from a port


• Spare time: free time


• Goal: the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it/ the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)


• Achieve: to gain with effort


• Tricky: marked by skill in deception/having concealed difficulty


• Involve: make complex or intricate or complicated


• Bold: typeface with thick heavy lines /fearless and daring/clear and distinct


• Chapter: a subdivision of a written work/a series of related events forming an episode


• Soundtrack: sound recording on a narrow strip of a motion picture film


• Sequel: a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it /something that follows something else


• Dubbed: provide (movies) with a soundtrack of a foreign language


• Performance: the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it
• Meal:coarsely ground foodstuff; especially seeds of various cereal grasses or pulse
• Dessert: a dish served as the last course of a meal
• Side dish: a dish that is served with but is subordinate to a main course
• tip: relatively small amount of money given for services rendered (as by a waiter)
• tablecloth: a covering spread over a dining table
• Napkin: to protect clothing; wipe mouth

Present Perfect Simple

• Use when a action which began in the past and continue now


• Form: Subject + Have/has+Verb particple

Present perfect continuous

Use:

• to emphasise that the action is / isn`t finished


• to talk about a recently started/finished activity with present results


• to emphasise the activity( no the result), often with How long...?

Form: has/have +been/being+ verb-ing

Exercises:

1. Complete the sentences using the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous formof the verbs in brackets.

1. oh no! you have broken the window!
2. I haven´t washed the dishes yet. I will do them later
3. She has written her novel this afternoon
4. how long have you been waited for the bus?
5. i have not seen Marta this morning. Maybe she is ill.
6. You have been running? you look tired
7. those children have been eating chocolate all day. That´s why they fell sick
8. how long have you had your mobile phone

2. The sentences below use the wrong verb tenses. You say why the underlined tenses are wrong.

1. why are you so tired? i have read underworld this morning: I have been reading underworld this moning
2. why is your hair wet? i have swum: I have been swimming
3. Does she know Dave? yes, she has been knowing him all her life: she has known him all her life
4. how many exams have you been taking? two. i have one more next week: How many exams have you taken?
5. I have been giving up smoking! that is grat. Do you feel healthier?: i have given up smoking!6. How long have you learned chinese? about two months: How long have you been learning chinese?

Gerunds and Infinitives

Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed:
I stopped smoking.(The smoking was real and happened until I stopped)

Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future:
I stopped to smoke.(I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)

Exercises
1. choose the correct alternative
1. what hobbies would you love to do/ do in the future
2. are there any activities you`d advise your classmates doing/to do?
3.what hobbies do you enjoy doing/ to do in a big group? alone?
4.Is there anything you sometimes forget to do/ do?
5. what do you expect doing/ to do in your free time when you are old?
6. is there any housework that you can´t stand doing /to do?

2. Put the verbs in the correct form: gerund or infinitive
I love seeing a book begin to develop. and I try to work closely with the author. during the early stages, I invite the author to have dinner with me at home. We usually manage to discuss the book while eating. It sounds strange, but I´d like to read more for pleasure. i don´t seem to find the time to read books autside my field of work, and i hate starting books when i don´t have time to finish them. I enjoy speaking to young writers and i advise them to read as much as they can. I also tell to them to write from the heart, about things that are important to them. I sometimes agree looking at the work of a new author if i expect to enjoy the book, but i refuse reading New York if it´s full of spelling mistakes or badly presented.

Countable and Uncountable

Countable: It can be singular or plural
With singular countable nouns we can use a or an
Expression: Some/Not any, many, a few/ a couple of, lots of/ a lot of

Uncountable: It don´t have plural or singular
Uncountable nouns are generally not used in the plural
Expression: Some/Not any, much, a little, lots of/ a lot of


Exercises:
1. Choose the correct words from the options below
How to make aubergine bake
this is a simple, delicious dish which doesn´t take much preparation. You need 2 large aubergines, 4 tomatoes, 2 anions, 1 green pepper, garlic, 2 boiled eggs, cheese, and salt. Cut the aubergines into slices and leave them in salty water for 20 minutes. Slice the tomatoes, anions, green pepper and egs. grate the cheese.
Take a large tray and spread Some butter on it. Place a few pieces of aubergine on the tray, add a garlic, and a little bit of salt. Next, add the tomatoes, onions, pepper and lot of cheese. Repeat the steps adding another layer of the same ingredients. put the sliced edd on top with some pepper. add lots of cheese this time and a couple of spoonfuls of aoregano. bake for 30 minutes.

2. Choose the correct quantifier(s)
1. do oyu drink some/ a lot of/ a couple of coffee
2. how many/much/ little vegetables can you name? which ones fo oyu eat most often?
3.do you eat much/ a few/ lots meat. why/ why not?
4. Do you eat much/ little/few fish or seafood?
5.How much/ some/ lots of water do you drink every day?
6.Do you eat many/ few / a lot of fruit?
7.do you like pasta a lot/ a little/ a few? do you prefer some/ any/ no quantifier rice?
8. Do you go out to a lot of/ much/ a little restaurants?